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TN211-10.DOC
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1993-08-09
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TN211_10.DOC
SYSOP COMMAND LIST PT II
****************************
LOCKING ROUTES -- There may be times a NodeOp will want to modify the path
quality value of a route to a given node. If for network management reasons
one wants to isolate one network from another as far as preventing the flow
of NODES broadcasts from intermingling, the locked routes technique is
preferable over the locked nodes procedure. If one wants the existence of the
isolated node to be known, then a combination of nodes and routes locking
could be used. The locked routes command is:
R PORT [LOCKED NODECALLSIGN] + PATHQUALITY
To unlock the routes use:
R PORT [LOCKED NODECALLSIGN] - PATHQUALITY
The process of locking routes or nodes as explained here is called
"perming." Perming is normally done when it is necessary to IMPROVE network
throughput. The most common example of perming is when reliable neighbor nodes
have their PATH QUALITY values set HIGHER than the value listed in Parameter 2.
The ROUTES locking command is used for this situation. If the NODES locking
command were to be used, then the neighbor would remain in the NODES tables
and therefore be broadcast into the network even if that neighbor should fail.
In the early days of networking, it was discovered many areas were subject to
short periods of enhanced VHF propagation. When this occurred, distant nodes
would suddenly be heard by local nodes. The dynamic routing mechanism of
TheNet would be tricked into thinking these were new local nodes and broadcast
their existence accordingly. A short while later when conditions returned to
normal the network would be confused. It would take several hours for the
original routing to be restored. During this period, users would for the most
part be unsuccessful in connecting to distant nodes since the "correct" path no
longer existed.
Different solutions to this problem were proposed. The technique originally
publicized in 1988 by Doug Everitt, N5DUB (then editor of The NODE) began to be
universally adopted. Doug recommended the radio path quality parameter be set
at a value lower than the standard "192" typically seen for VHF radio paths.
He recommended values for parameter 2 be in the range of 40 - 80. The NodeOp
would then determine who his reliable neighbors were. The neighbors are then
locked to a "standard value" of "192" by use of the SYSOP ROUTES locking
command.
Known as "Reliable Neighbors" routing, this technique solved network confusion
brought on by periods of temporarily enhanced propagation. Here is how it
works. New nodes seen as neighbors are automatically assigned a radio path
quality value below the broadcast parameter cut-off value. Since the newly
propagated node is not rebroadcast into the network, circuit reliability
remains undisturbed. While application of this technique applies mainly to VHF
simplex networks, under some circumstances it also may be used with half,
full-duplex and, isolated LAN nodes.
A reliable neighbor routing
table may look like this: SYSOP action:
SONORA:XE2FE-1} Routes:
0 BISBEE:WA7KYT-1 192 24! R 0 WA7KYT-1 + 192
0 NOG:KA7TXS-2 192 16! R 0 KA7TXS-2 + 192
0 LMN:AK7Z-1 192 34! R 0 AK7Z-1 + 192
0 NOGAL:XE2SOC-5 192 5! R 0 XE2SOC-5 + 192
0 SVA:N7OO-1 100 1
Although not a propagation node, SVA is automatically defaulted to the "100"
set in Parameter 2 because the path to it is better via BISBEE. The reliable
neighbors of BISBEE, NOG, LMN and NOGAL are permed to "192" as shown by the
exclamation point locking symbol. A by-product of this technique is it gives
users assurance the nodes with exclamation points and showing destinations
greater than "0" are solid routes. The node default value of parameter 2
should be the same throughout the system. The exact value can be determined by
observation of the greatest number of hops a distant node propagates in as a
neighbor. The default in the SET210 utility is "100" which is a reasonable
starting value.
Here is an example of a LOCKED ROUTE for a neighbor that has failed:
SVA5:N7OO-2} Routes:
1 AZ:N7OO-3 245 7
1 AZSE:N7OO-10 245 18
1 CONF:N7OO-5 245 1
1 SVA:N7OO-1 245 19
1 SVALAN:N7OO-4 245 8
1 #SVA6M:N7OO-6 245 4
0 N7DZH-5 192 0 !
In this example, HELIO has suffered a power failure and failed. After a
period of time as determined by the combination of SVA5's NODES broadcast
interval, parameter 6, and Obsolescence counter, parameter 4, knowledge of
HELIO will ordinarily go away. However in this case, HELIO:N7DZH-5 has been
permed into SVA5's ROUTES as a reliable neighbor. This can be readily seen
by observing the path quality value has been fixed at 192 as evidenced by the
exclamation point symbol. By noting the "0" in the "number of destination
routes" column, we know this is a useless route. If and when HELIO
comes back, it's "destination routes column" will show a value greater than
"0."
The HELIO node has not been permed into the routes table of SVA5 with the
node locking command and thus will not be propagated during node broadcasts
until it comes back on the air again. With TNPlus, the alias HELIO will
remain on SVA5's routes list until decremented out of the routes table. At
this time it automatically reverts to the node call-sign, N7DZH-5 as in the
example above.
ADDITIONAL LOCKING COMMANDS - With the introduction of version 2.08,
greater network management and node security has been added with the new R 2
and R 3 locking commands. These commands apply to both user or node callsigns.
In the past, networks had little protection from those that would introduce
unwanted nodes into the system. Neither was there recourse, short of shutting
down the node, of preventing unwanted users from accessing the system. The R 2
and R 3 locking commands are designed to alleviate this situation. R 2 locking
works with a specific callsign, or callsign + SSID. Format is the same as the
R 0 and R 1 locking commands, but in this case: R 2 CALLSIGN SSID + 0.
Examples for SPECIFIC node/user callsigns:
To lock: R 2 W1XXX + 0 or, R 2 W1XXX-5 + 0.
To unlock: R 2 W1XXX - 0 or, R 2 W1XXX-5 - 0
An R 2 application might be to filter out a certain SSID from a server with
multiple SSID's. This would block the designated callsign - SSID, but allow
the same callsign with dissimilar SSID's to pass.
The R 3 locking command controls a designated callsign plus ALL SSID's.
An example:
To lock W1XXX-5 and all SSID combinations: R 3 W1XXX + 0
To unlock W1XXX-5 and all SSID combinations: R 3 W1XXX - 0
When locked, W1XXX is barred from connecting TO the node, regardless whether
or not ANY SSID is used. Callsigns designated in either of R 2 or R 3 locks
will not appear in the node's Heard or ROUTES listings. Attempts to connect to
a locked callsign by a user from the node will be ignored. In the case where a
node is locked, if presently in the routes table, it will remain connectable
until decremented to "0" by the Obsolescence Count Initializer, parameter 4.
Should a CONNECTED user be locked, the lock will not be effective until after
he is disconnected. Attempts by the user to reconnect will be ignored.
The R 2 and R 3 locking commands are also effective on certain types of
aliases, some of which depends whether the Callsign Validation Parameter is set
or not.
RESET - This is the big panic button. When a PC based node goes berserk
and contaminates the network with "garbage nodes and symbols," one can clean
the node table by typing RESET. This not only wipes the NODES and ROUTES
tables, it also wipes the softcoded INFO section. Stations connected or
networking through the node at the time of the RESET will be disconnected. To
use, type "RESET."
Within 10 seconds following the RESET command, the node will broadcast its
existence. Since knowledge of previous neighbors and permed routes has been
lost, this broadcast should not create confusion to the network. All it does
is introduce itself to it's neighbors. However, the NodeOp should take prompt
action to restore reliable neighbor routings and INFO messages.